he basis for the today valid system of nomenclature is the set up "Systema Naturae" by Carolus Linnaeus 1758. In the 10th edition of this system Linnaeus (in fact Carl of Linné) put in place the tiger described by it ones feline carnivores into the kind Felis, and other. The kind Felis was then the only kind for the big cats of prey. There was no further subdivision on kind tier.

The first system of this kind in order to attempt to order formally all ways of life homogeneously, made out Aristoteles already four centuries before Christ birth on. This was the first experiment of a such an intention. Although this system showed still many engraving lacks, it served however as a bearing for much other researcher and scholars, which Aristoteles in his attempts would emulate and outdo would want.

Who searches for closer information about the systematical arrangement of the tiger, that should see into the part of taxonomy that was instead written specifically - taxonomy of the tiger. Around to one must the division to be able to understand over its construction summon know.

The division in the "Systema Naturae" occurs with nine classical tiers. Those would be, from top to bottom sorted, kingdom, tribe (lat. Phylum), sub-tribe (lat. sub-phylum), class, arrangement (lat. Ordo), family (lat. Familia), gender (lat. Genus), kind and race.

In the process of the following carrying out, I will employ the German terms since the roman words would be able to occasionally lead to confusion. The nine tiers performed above are not to however be guaranteed scientifically in a seen manner sufficiently, classification precise around one. For this reason, be intermediate rides and boughs, over- and employed sub-families. Numerical data are still contained besides, which one the number one indicate be sub-tribe for example and be noted down in the form "sub-tribe (2)".

By means of important qualities of the individual organisms, one determines groups whose members matching features show while they distinguish from other groups more strongly. In the modern systematics, it is in particular valid to in such a way separate kind groups that the division reflects developmental processes those led to the origin of the individual ways of life (kinds were only ordered to times Carl von Linnés on the basis of external features to be recognized easily). The groups form a kind pyramid or hierarchy whose individual tiers correspond to the different degree of developmental kinship. Several million kinds, that are at the lower end of the hierarchy in each case from individual ones, near allied living being may exist. The organism kingdoms which very many, partial and only detailed allied kinds contain form the upper end of the hierarchy.

In order to manage a system, the the circumstances in nature so well how possible represents, examines and matches one anatomy, physiology, genetics, behavior, ecology and fossil finds of very many living beings. Kinds are confessed above 2,0 million today and partial ones at least described but it is valid by far more to still detect it. All special fields of biology add for these investigations. The disciplines which are occupied immediately with questions of the arrangement from kinds are called taxonomy and systematics. The two fields overlap considerably but in taxonomy, it more is a question of the designation (nomenclature) and the construction of hierarchical systems while systematics is concerned earlier with explanation of developmental kinship circumstances.

The lowest category of the hierarchy is kind and she is also regarded as the only group which is available in nature in actual fact. The higher categories represent abstract kind groups. A kind exists from individuals those resemble itself in many important qualities among one another mate and produce fertile descendants provided that it is a question of a species with sexual propagation. The crossroadses with living beings of other kinds are not at all possible either or the descendants resulting in this case are predominantly infertile (bastards & hybrids).

Kinds which do not cross themselves among one another whose kinship is to however be recognized by features which were undertaken by a common driving up form a kind. The individual kinds of a kind bear a two-part name (twice-nomenklatur). The first word is the name of the kind and the second - in most cases a descriptive or geographic adjective - designates the individual kind. This way of the designation was introduced 1758 also of the Swedish natural researcher Linné that established the modern taxonomy as mentioned already. He employed roman names because the scholars of its time notified themselves in this language. Linné gave the generic term homo (human being) and the kind denotation sapiens to the human being (wisely ==> one might learn !!). One takes the kinds to in total families, the families for arrangements, the arrangements to classes, the classes to tribes and the tribes at the further construction of the systematical hierarchy to organism empires. One designates the organism groups within these seven main tiers of the hierarchy as Taxa. The definition of a Taxons includes the most important features which have Taxa contained all in him together in each case.

To the further one can subdivision the individual tiers with additions over- or under- provided. In addition, there are still interstages in complicated systems as the cohorte (between class and arrangement) and the Tribus (between family and kind).

On the highest and therefore most general tier, one subdivides all living beings those exist on earth and also that on earth existed may have on (if wanted), to five organism empires a. All ways of life known us, regardless whether animal, plant or other one, rich men are to be found in these and it is possible for every kind detected again here to integrate - up to now.

Two kingdoms of living beings, the Plantae (plants) and the Animalia (animals) recognized Aristoteles take in the 4 .  centuries A.C., when he set up the first biological system. Plants rooted firmly in the ground distinguish from the in most cases mobile animals which eat their food in way of life and evolution so strongly that this introduction of the two rich men was maintained before not far too long time. Only in the 19 .  centuries, when one knew for a long time that protozoa can not be put into these two categories without further ado, the thought arose, for the monocellular living being a third for empire create; one mentioned it Protista. And although one knew and knew photosynthesis in addition already, that she is the most important means of the plants for nutrient production, further, assigned to sesshaften one the mushrooms those feed themselves by absorption of nutrients to way of life because of you to the plants. We know today that the mushrooms not count to the plants, but to settle at an own kingdom.

After there were means however better and better at youngest time for investigation of the cells, it turned out increasingly more clearly be that the most important dividing line does not run in the world of the alive one between plants and animals, may quarantine between living beings, whose a separated cell nucleus having cells and that, with which a such membran covered heart is. The seedless cells are called Prokaryonten („ before the centre"), and the Eukaryonten hot such ones with a cell nucleus („ genuine heart"). Prokaryontenzellen also have no organ ells (Mitochondrien, chloroplasts, sophisticated flag ells and other at least specialized cell structure), of which some into every Eukaryontenzellen occur. The bacteria and the Cyanobakterien whom one puts to an own empire therefore in the modern taxonomy with denotation Monera or Prokaryotae appertain to the Prokaryonten.

The Eukaryontenzellen arose between Prokaryonten much later than a symbiotic combination. The empire of the Protista contains a great variety of protozoa of which some exist alone, form lastingly other colonies. All living beings at the empires of the multicellular animals followed probably from Protisten. The animal empire (Animalia) consists of many-cells organisms whose cells are differentiated in different tissues; in addition, animals are whole or in part mobile with the aid of contraction capable tissues and they digest her food in the body interior. The many-cells living beings of the planting empire normally have cells with a cell wall. Chloroplasts in which they produce their own nutrients through photosynthesis are in the cells. To the fifth empire, the mushrooms (Fungi), may appertain also many-cells kinds those however digest her food outside of the body and then include it through hyphas; the hyphas of which their whole body consists are protoplasm hoses.

Therefore, this division of the living beings into five empires is based on three hierarchical levels: The first one is the the Prokaryonts built simply very, the monocellular Eukaryonts structured simply still quite appertain to the second and the third is the tier of the complex ones, eukaryontic multicellular animal. On the last-named tier, one can distinguish three evolution directions which are characterized by three different kinds of nutrition; this is reflected in the different tissue organization of the animals, of the plants and of the mushrooms.

Since my pages are occupied with the tiger, main interest is natural at the animal empire. The animal kingdom establishes itself to something for 30 tribes who are to be seen in the following table: